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Brent Forecast Review: 20th December 2024

The front-month (Feb’25) Brent is on track for a weekly decline, as price action has fallen by 2% to $72.50/bbl by 13:30 GMT (time of writing). Various factors have pressured crude prices this week, including more hawkish signals from the

COT Report: Fuel-tide Greetings

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Onyx Global Oil Balance

Update to Onyx Global Oil Balance: this update’s key revision revolves around supply, with lower non-OPEC supply growth in 2025 and an upward readjustment in Iraqi crude production following methodological changes by Petro-Logistics SA. Following a comprehensive review of Iraq’s crude balance, Petro-Logistics SA has reclassified “other” refinery feedstocks as crude oil, accounting for most of the revision in the country’s output.

This report contains Onyx Advisory’s Global Oil Liquids Balance, with projections of world oil supply (including OPEC crude oil production) and world oil demand to derive implied global oil stock changes by quarter.

The report is split into two parts: a detailed global balance on page 3 and a summary balance on page 4, which shows individual OPEC country crude production assumptions over the forecast period. The OPEC crude production level is contrasted with the ‘Call on OPEC’ crude to obtain the implied global stock change.

Historical data are sourced from the IEA, while Petro-logistics SA data are used for OPEC crude production.

Brent Forecast: 16th December 2024

The front-month (Feb’25) Brent futures contract has seen a supportive performance in the past week, rising to highs of $74.50/bbl on 13 December – but has come off to the $74/bbl level on 16 December (time of writing). This week,

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Weakens to $73.80/bbl Levels

The Feb’25 Brent Futures contract experienced a weaker morning session, trading down from around $74.20/bbl at 07:00 GMT to $73.94/bbl at 10:35 GMT (time of writing) as traders take profit and await the Fed’s interest rate decision, with market expectations of a 25bp cut. In headlines Libya’s largest refinery, Zawiya (120 kb/d capacity), suffered fires over the weekend caused by gunfire during armed clashes, prompting the NOC to declare force majeure on Sunday. While the fires were controlled by Monday, the force majeure remains in place amid urges for the government to end clashes to prevent further damage and potential loss of life. This incident underscores ongoing risks to Libya’s oil industry, despite recent production gains, with output reaching 1.59 mb/d in October after resolving earlier political disputes and blockades. In other news, China’s refined oil consumption peaked in 2023 at 399 million metric tons (approximately 8 mb/d) and is projected to decline by 1.3% in 2024, according to CNPC’s Economics & Technology Research Institute. This decline is largely attributed to the rapid expansion of the EV sector, with forecasts suggesting that by 2035, EVs will make up half of the country’s car fleet, alongside increasing adoption of alternative fuels for trucks. At the time of writing, the Feb/Mar’25 and Feb/Aug’25 Brent spreads are at $0.38/bbl and $1.68/bbl, respectively.

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

Brent Forecast Review: 13th December 2024

Iran v Israel, again On Monday, we forecast that the front-month Brent futures contract would end the week between $71 and $74/bbl. As of Friday, 8:30am GMT (time of writing), the contract is trading at around $73.60/bbl, well within this

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Strengthens To $74.10/bbl

he Feb’25 Brent futures contract strengthened this morning from $73.45/bbl at 07:00 GMT up to $74.10/bbl around 10:50 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices saw support amid reports that Russia attacked Ukrainian energy facilities this morning, targeting power substations and gas infrastructure, industry sources told Reuters. In the news today, Russian forces are advancing towards the Ukrainian city of Pokrovsk, now focusing on consolidating control of the Donetsk region in eastern Ukraine where Russia occupies over 60% of the territory, as per Reuters. In other news, Canadian oil producers plan to hike output next year, with Cenovus setting a growth target of 4.4% between 805kb/d and 845kb/d, driven by the start-up of the Narrows Lake oil sands project. Suncor also aims to boost production in 2025 by 4.4% to between 810kb/d and 840kb/d. Finally, Nigeria’s Seplat Energy is set to revive hundreds of Exxon’s idle Nigerian oil wells after completing its purchase of Exxon’s onshore oil and gas assets in the West African nation, according to Bloomberg. Seplat plans to increase oil output by 200kb/d, with CEO Samson Ezugworie stating in a Thursday interview that only 200 of around 600 blocks are currently producing. At the time of writing, the Feb/Mar’25 and Feb/Aug’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.37/bbl and $1.58/bbl, respectively.

Weekly Oil Inventories Report

This report reviews weekly oil inventory data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Global Insights’ ARA Independent Storage and International Enterprise’s Singapore product storage

OECD Oil Inventories held by industry

The report covers oil inventory data in the OECD held by industry in million barrels and days of forward demand, as provided by the International Energy Agency

COT Report: Oil I Want for Christmas is You

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

Onyx Global Oil Balance

This report contains Onyx Advisory’s Global Oil Liquids Balance, with projections of world oil supply (including OPEC crude oil production) and world oil demand to derive implied global oil stock changes by quarter.

The report is split into two parts: a detailed global balance on page 3 and a summary balance on page 4, which shows individual OPEC country crude production assumptions over the forecast period. The OPEC crude production level is contrasted with the ‘Call on OPEC’ crude to obtain the implied global stock change.

Historical data are sourced from the IEA, while Petro-logistics SA data are used for OPEC crude production.

Brent Forecast: 9th December 2024

Instability in the Middle East The front-month (February 2025) Brent futures contract weakened below $71/bbl on 06 Dec, dipping under the boundary of the symmetric triangle within which the M1 futures contract has oscillated since September (attached). As of Monday,

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

Brent Review: 2nd December 2024

TARGET: $70.00/bbl – $73.50/bbl PRICE: $71.65/bbl OPEC+: Much Ado About Nothing The front-month February 2025 Brent Friday morning was roughly where it started the week, with a brief rally in between. At the time of writing, Brent was trading at

COT Report: Bulls Remain Cautious

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Brent Forecast: 2nd December 2024

The front-month February 2025 Brent contract kicked off Monday by rebounding from last Friday’s lows, trading towards $72.70/bbl at the time of writing. However, the path of least resistance for the flat price this week is still one of weakness

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

Weekly Oil Inventories Report

This report reviews weekly oil inventory data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report, Global Insights’ ARA Independent Storage and International Enterprise’s Singapore product storage

COT Report: Trading Thanksgiving

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Brent Forecast: 25th November 2024

The Jan’25 Brent futures contract concluded last week on a solid note, closing at $75.20/bbl on 22 Nov off the back of escalating tension around the Ukraine war. Prices softened to $74.35/bbl this morning, where they found support briefly, but

Onyx CFTC Style COT Reports – 25 Nov 2024

Onyx’s in-house CTA positioning model determines the net positioning of CTAs in a range of futures benchmarks. The week ending 25 Nov saw increasing bullish sentiment as net positioning increased across the major oil futures benchmarks. Total net positioning rose from -118k on 18 Nov to -52k by 25 Nov, the highest level since 16 Oct, with middle distillates leading the way. The product with the most bullish positioning is now ICE gasoil, which surpassed Heating Oil on 18 Nov and rose to -4k by 25 Nov. The lower net positions are shared by RBOB, Brent, and WTI. Overall net positioning has struggled in the second half of this year and has not been positive since mid-July. It remains to be seen if the current increase in bullish positioning can be sustained.

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

COT Report: To Buy or not to Buy

See all the updates across the barrel in this week’s Onyx Commitment of Traders report, as well as six contracts to watch. Click on the relevant button below to access your COT report.

US EIA Weekly Report

This report reviews the key data from the US EIA’s Weekly Petroleum Status Report

Brent Forecast: 18th November 2024

The Jan’25 Brent future is trading near recent bottoms, with a wedge forming with lower highs from early October and a quite weak momentum in the bear trend shown by a negative but small MACD differential. We anticipate a short

Refinery Margins Report

Click below to explore our new Refinery Margins Report, offering a clear, detailed analysis of weekly and monthly shifts in key regional refinery margins. This report enables readers to pinpoint where margins are tightening or loosening across regions, drawing on proprietary yields and our leading market share in swaps to build a world class financial refinery margin—essential for understanding the evolving landscape of regional refinery economics.

Edge Updates

European Window: Brent Fails to Break $72.00

Feb’25 Brent futures failed to break through support at $72.00/bbl throughout this afternoon and rose to $73.00/bbl at 1720 GMT (time of writing). Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov warned that potential G7 sanctions on Russia’s oil industry could destabilise global energy markets and prompt Russian countermeasures. Proposed measures include reducing the price cap on Russian oil from $60 to $40/bbl or banning its transportation and insurance, though no decision has been finalised. According to data from China’s General Administration of Customs, Russia increased oil exports to China by 1.65% year-on-year to 99 million tons from January to November, valued at $57.4 billion (+4.7%). The EIA forecasts U.S. energy consumption rising from 93.69 qBtu in 2023 to 95.15 qBtu in 2025, with liquid fuels averaging 20.29 mb/d in 2024 and 20.53 in 2025 and natural gas at 90.5 and 90.2 billion cubic feet/day, respectively. Russia remains China’s top oil supplier, followed by Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Presidents Putin and Xi emphasised strengthening energy cooperation during their May meeting. At the time of writing, the front (Feb/Mar’25) and 6-month (Feb/Aug’25) Brent Futures spreads are at $0.39/bbl and $1.89/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: No rest for the wicked

We saw good Brent support at around $72.00/bbl and the line roughly held. The downward momentum was first arrested
at noon bouncing back towards the mid-$72 point, choppy as the indecisive Americans couldn’t pick between up or down,
so in the end they picked both and flat price bounced up and down, with a climb through the window to close at $72.80/bbl.
Before 15:00 GMT, we were threatening to go below $72 again, but there’s plenty of resistance to going lower, so flat price
just keeps vibrating in the same narrow range and clung on to the $72 handle. The only ones making money are the volatility
sellers. Tight trading ranges suggest many European traders have closed out their positions and shut up shop for the
holidays, but the American traders are more active.

The Officials: Shutting up shop?

Totsa’s cleaning up in Dubai! The window was inundated with Totsa bids, and the host of sellers did their best to smack them but they just couldn’t keep up. Reliance, Exxon and Mitsui were all trying their best to clear the trading table of Totsa’s endless bids. Vitol took on the lion’s share of the work trying to keep a lid on things, clobbering as many of Totsa’s bids as it could. But even that wasn’t enough to get through the mountain of Totsa bids and the Frenchman had three left untouched bids by the time the window no closed and Les Amis withdrew them. The French vacuum cleaner didn’t limit itself to just bidding and was also lifting offers left, right and centre. With such aggressive bidding from Totsa and sellers’ hands full, the Dubai physical premium edged up to 97c, the strongest so far in December. A $1 premium is tantalising!

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Softens to $72.20/bbl

Feb’25 Brent futures softened from $72.55/bbl at 0600 GMT to $72.20/bbl at 10:30 GMT (time of writing). The Financial Times reported today that Shell secured Nigerian government approval for a $2.4 billion onshore and shallow-water asset sale to Renaissance Group by committing to a $5 billion investment in the Bonga North deepwater project, with over 300mb of recoverable resources and an expected peak production of 110 kb/d. The strong dollar has contributed to record lows for the Rupee, Real, and Won. China’s one-year bond yield fell to 1% for the first time since 2009, and Bitcoin dropped 12.5% to $95k amid a broader asset market sell-off. US PCE price index data is due today. President-elect Donald Trump threatened the EU with tariffs unless it buys more US oil and gas, stating on Truth Social, “Otherwise, it is TARIFFS all the way!!!” The EU Commission has not commented on the claim. At the time of writing, the front (Feb/Mar’25) and 6-month (Feb/Aug’25) Brent Futures spreads are at $0.43/bbl and $1.76/bbl, respectively.

European Window: Brent Slides to $73.66/bbl

Feb’25 Brent futures fell from $73.70/bbl at 13.30 GMT to $72.70/bbl at 17:00 GMT. A US government shutdown is looming as Congress scrambles to pass a stopgap bill, despite opposition from President-elect Donald Trump, according to Fox News. Economic data showed jobless claims dropped to 220,000 (below estimates) from 242,000 the previous week. US GDP saw annualised growth of 3.1% in Q3, and the Philadelphia Fed survey plunged to -16.4, compared to the predicted +3.0. BP and Iraq have agreed on key technical terms for redeveloping Kirkuk’s oil and gas fields, which still contain billions of barrels of recoverable oil. According to BP, a full contract is expected to be finalized by early next year. Oil operators in North Dakota, the third-largest oil-producing state in the US, are still working to restore facilities after October wildfires impacted key production areas. The fires caused a loss of 520kb and a decline in output to 1.178 mb/d from 1.2 mb/d in September. According to Sinopec, China’s oil consumption is projected to peak by 2027 at 800 million metric tons, equivalent to 16 million barrels per day. They say the decline in diesel and gasoline demand is driving the slowdown in the world’s largest oil importer. At the time of writing, the front (Feb/Mar’25) and 6-month (Feb/Aug’25) Brent Futures spreads are at $0.40/bbl and $1.78/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Not so flat price

Flat price doesn’t look very flat. The graph shows the volatility of the past couple of days: a consistent decline following the bombshell Powell speech last night and a choppy climb today, especially after lunchtime, as the Americans woke up, apparently having taken stock of the Fed fallout. But the Brent price range is very restrictive and the market doesn’t like seeing it go too far either way at the moment, so it quickly toppled back down to under $73. Major events but constrained volatility. These price fluctuations are small but relentless. Today it was still a very narrow range of barely more than a buck, as the market sees little cause for optimism on supply and demand fundamentals, but there’s plenty of buying from China whenever flat price descends towards $70 and lots of technical support around that level.

The Officials: Pow pow pow! All the money’s gone!

Only one man has the power to send everything plummeting at the same time. Mr Power Powell. And only Total has the power to vacuum dry the Dubai market! The Power! Powell’s press conference had almost every asset class tripping and tumbling. Oil didn’t like it either and slid in the latter hours of American trading last night. A small jump in Brent flat price of around 20c on the rate cut announcement was overshadowed by Powell’s hawkish rhetoric and the subsequent slide down to around $73, 60c lower than before the announcement. Though the dollar’s now the highest in 2 years, so that’s surely a key driver in oil’s price slide. Asia was happy to catch its breath, reassess and consolidate, but Europe didn’t like the news when it woke up, so pushed it down even further and it fell all the way to $72.87/bbl by the close of the Asian session.

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Falls to $73/bbl Levels

The Feb’25 Brent futures flat price came off to the $73/bbl level overnight before rising to $73.36/bbl by 10:00 GMT (time of writing). Price action is slightly lower following the Fed’s rate cut, as policymakers signalled a more hawkish stance for 2025, which supported the dollar and was hence bearish for oil prices. In the headlines, Glencore has increased its Middle East oil purchases, acquiring Al-Shaheen and Upper Zakum grades, to supply Singapore’s Bukom refinery acquired from Shell earlier this year. The refinery includes a 237kb/d crude distillation unit. Ukraine launched 13 missiles and 84 drones targeting Russia’s Rostov region, sparking a fire at the Novoshakhtinsk refinery, which was extinguished, amid ongoing strikes on Russian oil infrastructure critical to its war economy. Sinopec forecasts China’s petroleum consumption will peak by 2027 at no more than 800 million tons annually, driven by declining diesel and gasoline demand due to LNG and EV adoption, while the petrochemical sector increasingly dominates oil usage and natural gas consumption peaks higher and earlier than previously estimated. Finally, the front (Feb/Mar) and 6-month (Feb/Aug) Brent futures spreads are at $0.40/bbl and $1.77/bbl respectively.

LPG Report: NG-Elf

The LPG market was relatively uneventful in December, with more of the same in many markets. Going into the festive period, there is a sense of normality in the markets compared to the supply tightness concerns from Panama Canal logistical issues last year, and the ensuing volatility spikes that followed. However, key themes have emerged, namely the weakness in Asian propane (C3 FEI), where milder weather and ongoing weak petrochemical demand have limited its upside. Combining this with the confirmation of OPEC+ cuts, this has further pressured the FEI/CP, with the Jan’25 differential falling below -$20/mt. Meanwhile, the East/West (C3 FEI vs C3 NWE) has fallen into a deeper contango, with the Q1/Q2’25 at a historical low.

European Window: Brent Slides to $73.66/bbl

The Feb Brent Futures contract has seen mixed price action this afternoon, trading up to a high of $74.12 at 16:10 GMT before retracing to $73.61/bbl where it sits at the time of writing, as EIA data highlighted that crude inventories fell by 934kb to 421mb in the week, compared with analysts’ expectations in a Reuters poll for a 1.6mb draw. In headlines, Saudi Arabia’s crude oil exports rose to a three-month high in October, reaching 5.92 mb/d, up 174 kb/d from September, according to JODI data. Despite the increase in exports, crude production slightly declined to 8.972 mb/d as the Kingdom adhered to its pledge to produce “around 9 mb/d.” Meanwhile, Barclays downgraded the energy services sector from positive to neutral, citing a bearish oil macro environment, limited investor capital influx, and potential risks to 2025 earnings. The sector, after three years of double-digit growth, is now experiencing a mid-cycle spending plateau. At the time of writing, the front (Feb/Mar’25) and 6 month (Feb/Aug’25) Brent Futures spreads are at $0.38/bbl and $1.64/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Stand-off in the North Sea

Prices are again flirting with $74 bucks as the sparring continues in the North Sea although no punches were landed. The window players calmed down from yesterday’s chaotic showing. Today they were all pushing Midland around. Gunvor and Equinor brought it to the table, while Mercuria and Totsa were bidding. BP came in to offer Ekofisk, but all the attention was centred on Midland, so it didn’t get any interest. But the price wasn’t right for anybody and there wasn’t a single trade today. Not a sausage ☹. Although Totsa wasn’t keen on buying North Sea physical cargoes today, that didn’t stop it buying up loads of CFDs in the window!

The Officials: Kero cracks cruising

The French Connection keeps on connecting More Upper Zakum for Totsa! This time it’s Reliance providing the UZ, while Vitol gave the French behemoth another Oman convergence. We’ve tallied them up and that makes 15 convergences in the Dubai window to Totsa so far this month! Unsurprisingly, the window showed yet another bidding frenzy by Totsa, whose bids overshadowed those of Mitsui, Phillips and Hengli. Bid after bid came flying down on the creaking deals table, as Totsa slammed its fist and shouted for attention! Again, it took a plethora of sellers to hold the rampaging bull at bay: Exxon stepped up to the plate again, while Vitol and Reliance obviously slapped a few Totsa bids too, and Equinor joined in on the fun again. After another exciting instalment of the long-running Totsa Show, the Dubai physical premium firmed up to reach 95.5c, marginally stronger than its previous December high. Is a $1+ coming? Do the bears like the woods?

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Rises to $73.70/bbl Levels

The Feb Brent Futures contract saw renewed strength in price action this morning, steadily rising from $73.28/bbl at 07:00 GMT to trade at $73.70/bbl at the time of writing (10:20 GMT); API statistics highlighted a moderate draw in crude by 4.7mb to the week ending Dec 6th , contrasting analyst expectations of 1.85mb. In headlines, QatarEnergy has reportedly increased the price of its al-Shaheen crude oil blend for February loadings, reflecting strong demand. According to Reuters, the price will be $1.05 per barrel above the Dubai benchmark, up $0.32 from January loadings. The company has already sold three cargos at premiums ranging from $0.90 to $1.05 per barrel. This move contrasts sharply with Saudi Arabia’s recent price cuts for key Asian markets, including a reduction for January loadings. Meanwhile, India’s Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) plans to boost its refining capacity by 10 million tons annually by 2028, increasing from 35.3 million to 45 million tons per year, to meet rising demand, according to BPCL’s refining head Sanjay Khanna, reported by Reuters. At the time of writing, the front (Feb/Mar’25) and 6-month (Feb/Aug’25) Brent Futures spreads have narrowed slightly to $0.34/bbl and $1.58/bbl.

European Window: Brent Falls Below $73/bbl

The Feb’25 Brent futures flat price came off from the $73.20/bbl handle on Tuesday afternoon. Price action fell to lows of $72.50/bbl before recovering to $72.88/bbl by 17:20 GMT (time of writing). In the headlines, the UK imposed new sanctions on two oil trading firms, 2Rivers DMCC and 2Rivers Pte Ltd, and 20 shadow fleet vessels to curb Russian oil revenues and disrupt its illicit oil trade. Oil has washed ashore tens of kilometres of Russia’s Black Sea coast after two aging tankers were damaged in a storm, and now a third tanker has issued a distress signal, heightening fears of a worsening environmental disaster. Saudi Arabia has successfully extracted lithium from oilfield brine and plans to launch a commercial pilot program led by Lihytech, showcasing its move toward alternative wealth sources amid rising global demand for battery minerals. Kazakhstan has downgraded its 2024 oil output forecast to 87.8 million tons, citing maintenance at the Tengiz oilfield, with production totalling 80.5 million tons from January to November. Finally, the front (Feb/Mar) and 6-month (Feb/Aug) Brent futures spreads are at $0.32/bbl and $1.41/bbl respectively.

The Officials: North Sea Food Fight

Tasting menu turned food fight. There were more players than other December windows: BP, Mitsui and Gunvor all joined the familiar trio of Trafi, Totsa and Equinor today. Gunvor got stuck in, selling a 12-14 Jan Forties to Trafi at Dated +$0.55, while it was also offering Midland. Totsa didn’t want to be left out and bought a 10-14 Jan Midland from Equinor at $1.60 over Dated. Mitsui, for all its bidding for Ekofisk and Forties, went home empty handed. Although it was offering Forties, BP didn’t feel like Mitsui’s bids came up to standard, and the two went their separate ways.

Naphtha Report: A Light-End to the Year…?

The naphtha complex saw a strong start of the month before the buying in the East appeared overdone, and the propane and petchem market was also more tepid, although the naphtha market in Europe outstripped propane. The market in both regions corrected and has seen stronger selling in the cracks.

The Jan’24 NWE naphtha crack saw increased selling after an early December rally, with trade houses selling 458kb on Dec 10-12 before partially buying back to a total net short position of -4.5mb on Dec 16. Majors added 160kb to their net short position, now at 537kb, while spec traders hold 89kb long since early December. The Jan/Feb’25 NWE naphtha spread peaked at $3.75/mt on Dec 10 before falling to $2.25/mt on Dec 16 amid weakening European naphtha. Trade houses flipped positions, net buying 160kb to a total of 2.892kb, while banks added 356kb on Dec 2, bringing their net position to 667kb long.

Dubai Market Report – What goes up must come down

Brent/Dubai has continued its downward grind, with the M1 contract falling to its lowest level since July. The Jan’25 contract reached lows of $0.10/bbl on 17 Dec, while the entire forward curve has shifted lower in an orderly fashion. The contango in the Brent/Dubai boxes is very orderly, without any kinks on the curve (see appendix). The medium sour crude market has continued to tighten as OPEC+ delayed their output hikes to Q2’25. Despite buying some time and supporting flat prices, our global crude balance suggests a bearish picture for 2025, with OPEC+ possibly needing to defer their output hikes further.

Dated Brent Supplementary Report – Ice Cold Buying Beginning to Thaw…?

December has continued to see strong buying in the physical windows from a range of players, with 34 convergences so far in December. The main seller so far this month has been Equinor. Totsa has been a keen buyer of WTI Midland and has bought 18 cargoes out of the total number this month. There has been heavier selling in the past few days in the financial contracts, and there has been better selling interest and better selling in the new year weeks from trade players.

The Officials: Dubai dethrones Brent?

It was another big day in the convergence stakes, with four more. You’d be forgiven for thinking Totsa had bagged another 2 mill bbls of crude, but you’d be mistaken. Glencore has been quietly plugging away in the Frenchman’s shadow and today was rewarded with an Upper Zakum cargo from Exxon. Exxon did declare another Upper Zakum and guess who it went to! Totsa, of course. So did other convergences for UZ from both PetroChina and BP – one from each. So, Totsa’s reached 13 convergences in Dubai so far this month. And now Dubai partials have overtaken Brent, gaining a 3c/bbl premium!

Overnight & Singapore Window: Brent Corrects to $73.37/bbl Levels

The Feb Brent Futures contract has seen mixed price action this morning, rising up to $74.10/bbl at 07:00 GMT before correcting down to $73.40/bbl at the time of writing (10:50 GMT). In headlines, two Russian oil tankers ran aground in the Black Sea near the Kerch Strait, separating Russia from Crimea as reported by the country’s emergency services ministry on Sunday. The damage resulted in oil spilling into the water and prompted an investigation by Russian authorities for potential criminal negligence, with the tankers reportedly carrying around 4,300 dead weight tonnes of oil each. Oil accidents caused by negligence are relatively common in Russia; last year, a similar incident occurred in the Irkutsk region when two oil tankers collided due to a captain operating under the influence of alcohol, spilling an estimated 60 to 90 tons of fuel into the Lena River. In other news, Chevron announced today that it has signed a deal with aluminum giant Alcoa to supply 130 petajoules of natural gas over a 10-year period starting in 2028. The gas will be sourced from Chevron’s Gorgon and Wheatstone LNG projects, which together have a production capacity of 530 petajoules. According to the announcement, Alcoa plans to use the natural gas to power its alumina refineries in Western Australia. The front (Feb/Mar) and 6-month (Feb/Aug) Brent futures spreads are at $0.37/bbl and $1.59/bbl respectively.

Onyx Alpha: All About Arbs

Another week brings another selection of new trade ideas from Onyx Research, this time looking at trades in fuel oil and distillates swaps. Our weekly Onyx Alpha report presents speculative and hedging trades based on technical analysis and data-driven tradecraft methods on Onyx Commitment of Traders (COT) and Flux Financials data.

The Officials: A cargo a day won’t keep Totsa at bay

Totsa can’t stop, won’t stop. If it were anybody else, it would be noteworthy, but Totsa’s proclivity has set the standard very high. It would be more notable if Totsa were less active. We just wonder when (if) that day will come… As it is, it was back to bidding in the North Sea, looking for another Midland. And Johan Sverdrup too. The hungry Frenchman collected an 8-10 Jan Ekofisk at Dated +$1 from Equinor, the prolific seller of December so far. It also snatched a 12-16 Jan Midland at Dated +$1.60 from Gunvor. Of the massive 34 cargoes traded so far in December’s windows, Totsa has bought 18! Along with its 10 convergences in Dubai, that makes for 17.6 mil bbl across both windows, averaging out to 1.6 mil bbl per trading day!! On track to beat even their own massive haul last month?

European Window: Brent Supported Above $74/bbl

The Feb’25 Brent futures flat price traded within a 60c range on Monday afternoon. Price action reached highs of $74.30/bbl at 15:30 GMT before falling to $73.74/bbl at 16:30 and climbed to $74.11/bbl by 17:30 (time of writing). In the news, the EU has adopted its 15th sanctions package against Russia, targeting 52 new vessels from Russia’s shadow fleet, increasing the total number of such listings to 79. Shell and its partners will invest $5 billion in Nigeria’s Bonga North offshore oil project, expected to produce 110kb/d by the decade’s end, with 300 million barrels of oil equivalent recoverable from the area. According to a Bloomberg article, tanker rates for Middle East-China routes (TD3C) have fallen by a third this year due to weaker Chinese crude demand, driven by an economic slowdown, fuel-switching, and OPEC+ delays in restarting idled supply, impacting supertanker operators significantly. US SPR crude inventories rose by 0.5mb w/w to 393.0mb last week. Finally, the front (Feb/Mar) and 6-month (Feb/Aug) Brent futures spreads are at $0.38/bbl and $1.69/bbl respectively.

CFTC Weekly: Gasoline over Gasoil

In the week ending 10 December, money managers saw opposing sentiment in the crude futures benchmarks, as they got longer in Brent but shorter in WTI. Overall positioning remains bearish despite the delay in the OPEC+ output hikes as traders grapple with global economic uncertainty as Trump’s restrictive trade tariffs loom large. Bullish risk was focused on US gasoline (RBOB), while purchases of short positions in ICE LS Gasoil and ULSD Heating Oil accelerated, with net positioning in the latter reaching an all-time low.

Futures Report: Crude Tidings we Bring…

Feb’25 Brent futures rose from $71.00/bbl on Dec 9 to $74.60/bbl on Dec 13, before correcting to $74.00/bbl on Dec 16. The daily upper Bollinger band acted as resistance at $74.50/bbl. Volatility slightly increased, although Bollinger bands remained narrow, while open interest dropped from 515mb to 420mb (Dec 4-12). The MACD signalled growing bullish momentum. Market support stemmed from speculation on China’s demand stimulus, despite no concrete promises and geopolitical concerns over Israel eyeing up the vulnerability of Iran’s nuclear facilities.

The Officials: The Totsa show renewed for another season?

Capitaine France is still going strong and has absolutely dominated the Dubai window so far in December. Of the 10 convergences we’ve seen so far this month, Totsa has grabbed all of them! It’s not fair, hoarding all the love from the sellers such as Exxon and Vitol, while the other buyers like Glencore and Mitsui are left out in the cold to fend for themselves . But we have to respect the grind of the most determined market participant. This also hasn’t stopped Totsa bagging its fair share of cargoes in the North Sea too, which has seen a grand total of 32 trades so far this month. Totsa collected 16 of those, by our counting. How long can they keep this up?? It’s been months and there’s no sign of flagging!

European Window: Brent Supported at $74.40/bbl

The Feb’25 Brent futures flat price initially saw a decline this afternoon from around $74.10/bbl at 12:00 GMT to $73.60/bbl at 14:05 GMT, before recovering to $74.40/bbl at 17:50 GMT (time of writing). Bullish sentiment has persisted as Russia launched an extensive aerial attack today on Ukraine’s power grid, using 93 missiles and nearly 200 drones, as per Reuters. Ukrainian officials stated six unspecified energy facilities were damaged in the western region of Lviv, in addition to serious damage to thermal power plants, according to DTEK, Ukraine’s largest energy provider. In other news, the presidential decree banning Russian companies from selling oil and petroleum products at the price cap set by the G7 countries has been extended until the end of June 2025, according to Russian news agency Interfax. Finally, US-based Kosmos Energy said it is in early preliminary discussions to buy Tullow Oil, with a view to potentially expanding their African oil assets. Kosmos currently has oil production and exploration assets in basins offshore Ghana and Equatorial Guinea, while Tullow Oil owns offshore production platforms in Ghana, Gabon and Cote d’Ivoire. At the time of writing, the Feb/Mar’25 and Feb/Aug’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.39/bbl and $1.67/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Buffet turns tasting menu

‘Higher, higher!’ Chanted the markets as Brent flat price touched $74.30/bbl this morning. But the market is indecisive and has a short attention span, so was quickly tumbling back to below $73.70 before rebuilding towards the mid-$74 range by 17:30 GMT. What we’ve learnt today is that the market is an unpredictable mistress, but flat price looks very happy in the lower half of the 70s for now. Volatility is up compared to recent record lows, so moves in either direction are likely to be aggressive and rapid. It may even mount an assault on the $75 handle within the next week, if Chinese buying keeps propping up demand sentiment or the troubled regions of the world boil over.

Fuel Oil Report – European Fuel Oil Stays Afloat

Both the eastern HSFO and VLSFO complexes have seen generally lacklustre performance in the past two weeks, with both the 380 East/West and 0.5 East/West declining to $2.25/mt and $34/mt on 12 Dec, respectively, representing fortnightly decreases of around 30% and 20%. The European HSFO and VLSFO cracks also saw weakness but managed to recover over the fortnight, while the Jan’25 Euro Hi-5 contract is currently supported at $61/mt on 13 Dec at time of writing, having rallied from $51.50/mt on 02 Dec.

The Officials: Insatiable China

Chinese crude buying is back big time. Following the earlier fifth quota for 58 mil bbls, Saudi allocations also jumped by close to 10 million bbls! Fasten your seat belts, this baby is going for a ride! The previous Saudi Cyber Monday OSP price cut worked its magic and now everyone wants more Saudi crude! The 80c reduction brought the customers in mass and they asked for even bigger volumes than allocated. The Saudis got some love back from China and allocations were upped. But the UAE cut supplies to Asia! Saudi December allocations fell way down to 36.5 mil bbls, but they surged to 46 mil bbls for January. As usual, Rongsheng’s going to be rolling in it with the biggest allocation, 16 mil bbls, while Unipec and PetroChina also got allocation bumps. Shandong got an allocation, 2 mil bbls, the first since September. But some were disappointed and wanted more. Sources say Unipec asked for 14 mil bbls but only got 8 mil! That’s a big difference.💔 We also heard other physical barrels are moving; our sources say WAF is flowing and the overhang went down from 100+ mil bbls to around 70 mil bbls. So, things look bullish as they do when people buy more than they were.

The Officials: Whiplash

The morning’s march towards the upper $73 range ran out of steam and quickly retraced much of the gain, falling back towards the mid-$73 range by mid-afternoon and then dumping firmly back into the $72 range! But then the headline that Israel was preparing to strike Iranian nuclear sites saw prices jump back up to near $73.80/bbl. According to one trader, “Wingy vol popped”. That’s trader speak for surging bets on volatility.

The holiday might be awkward in some households, none more so than in the uncomfortable marriage between Austria and then Russia. OMV and Gazprom have broken up. OMV terminated its natural gas supply contract due to “multiple fundamental breaches of contractual obligations by Gazprom Export”. The Austrian Chancellor accused Russia of attempting to blackmail Austria through its energy resources. In short, OMV was trying to claw back money and Russia stopped delivering gas. Yeah, contracted terminated 😊 never mind the people that need the gas

Trader Meeting Notes: Jingle Bull Rock

With the confirmation of OPEC+ delaying their output hikes, it looks like crude flat price will cling on to 70 for a while longer. The group has certainly bought themselves some more time, but at what cost? That is not a rhetorical question. Their market share is eroding as fast as Manchester City’s form, and our global oil balance suggests that it would be wise for the group to delay the cuts until 2026. Event risk has been one of the sole bullish drivers of flat price, with the flurry of headlines coming out of both the Middle East and Eastern Europe. But for a sustained rise, global crude demand must play ball. Climate activists will rightfully point out that the world is consuming as much oil as ever, but if you followed the narratives in our market you would be forgiven to think that we have already reached peak oil and that the end is nigh. But in the near-term, OPEC+ have really tightened the market. North Sea physical differentials remain supportive, gasoline cracks are on the rise, and US crude inventories are seasonally on the low side. We expect the bears to win the war, but the bulls are winning out this battle, demonstrating some exceptional resilience.

European Window: Brent Recovers To $73.65/bbl

The Feb’25 Brent futures contract initially saw weakness this afternoon, falling from $73.60/bbl at 12:00 GMT down to $72.45/bbl around 16:10 GMT, before recovering to $73.65/bbl at 17:30 GMT (time of writing). Crude oil prices were elevated amid reports that Israel is preparing for potential strikes against Iranian nuclear infrastructure, according to The Times of Israel. In the news today, the Kremlin has stated that Russian President Putin backs Hungarian Prime Minister Orban’s efforts to achieve a Christmas ceasefire in Ukraine and a major exchange of prisoners of war, as per Reuters. In other news, Saudi Arabia plans to ship 46mb of crude oil to China in January, the highest volume since October and significantly higher than the 36.5mb of volume expected in December, as per Reuters. Sinopec and PetroChina is expected to lift more crude, as well as non-state owned refiners Rongsheng Petrochemical and Shenghong Petrochemical. Finally, Germany’s oil product sales increased 6.2% y/y to 7.602 million tons in September, with heating oil recording the highest rise of 45.9% y/y to 1.114 million tons and jet fuel seeing the biggest decline of 18.7% y/y to 0.714 million tons, according to BAFA. At the time of writing, the Feb/Mar’25 and Feb/Aug’25 Brent futures spreads stand at $0.39/bbl and $1.67/bbl, respectively.

The Officials: Whole Lotta Totsa

We’re back to convergence central. Vitol declared an Oman, Exxon declared an Upper Zakum and PetroChina declared a Dubai. You’ve got one chance to guess who they sent it to. Yep, every single one went to Totsa. Yet again it’s the French vacuum cleaner hoovering them up. Whatta lotta Totsa. Indeed, Totsa was all over it in the window, bidding incessantly. The French were also lifting offers from a great range of sellers – BP, Phillips, Exxon, Trafi… whoever they can find and give a battering. Equinor was among them, though it was much less enthusiastic than in its North Sea offering in the past couple of weeks. As far as we could see, no other buyers were tempted, facing of Totsa’s prolific aggression. That didn’t prevent the likes of Mercuria and Hengli bidding, even if they didn’t get a reward for their efforts. After Totsa’s goliath buying efforts, the Dubai physical premium jumped to 94c, the strongest we’ve seen since late October! Meanwhile, prices kept going up in Asian trading and Brent flat price troubled $74/bbl by 09:00 GMT. It closed the Asian session at $73.79/bbl.

CFTC Predictor: Brent Bulls Unwind For The Holidays?

In addition to our regular Monday CFTC COT analysis report, Onyx Insight will publish its own in-house CFTC COT forecast ahead of the official Friday report. The model forecasts changes in long and short positions using machine learning, utilising Onyx’s proprietary data.